Research Papers 论文研究 3h ago Updated 1h ago 更新于 1小时前 50

Transferable Latency Prediction for Fast LLM Screening on Heterogeneous Edge Devices 可迁移的延迟预测用于在异构边缘设备上快速筛选大语言模型

The paper presents a runtime-aware latency prediction framework for deploying large language models (LLMs) on heterogeneous edge devices, addressing the complexity of inference latency influenced by model architecture, prompt behavior, runtime backend, hardware utilization, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), and thermal variation. The framework separates inference into prefill and decode phases and adaptively fuses static descriptors with dynamic hardware telemetry through a gated pre 提出了一种运行时感知的延迟预测框架,用于在异构边缘设备上快速筛选大语言模型(LLM)。 将推理过程分为预填充(prefill)和解码(decode)两个阶段,通过门控预测模型融合静态描述符与动态硬件遥测数据。 在Pixel 8、Jetson Nano、Orange Pi 5 Pro和RTX 3090等平台验证了框架的有效性,跨设备校准显著提升预测精度(如总延迟R²从-0.974提升至0.940)。 实验表明同一模型在不同设备上性能差异巨大(如SmolLM2在Orange Pi 5 Pro上为8.42 tokens/s,在RTX 3090上达64.38 tokens/s),凸显设备与运行时依赖的

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Hot 热度
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Quality 质量
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Impact 影响力

Analysis 深度分析

TL;DR

  • The paper presents a runtime-aware latency prediction framework for deploying large language models (LLMs) on heterogeneous edge devices, addressing the complexity of inference latency influenced by model architecture, prompt behavior, runtime backend, hardware utilization, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), and thermal variation.
  • The framework separates inference into prefill and decode phases and adaptively fuses static descriptors with dynamic hardware telemetry through a gated prediction model, improving latency prediction accuracy across different devices.
  • Evaluation on Pixel mobile devices and validation on Jetson Nano, Orange Pi 5 Pro, and an RTX 3090-class GPU platform show significant improvements in latency prediction accuracy, with cross-device calibration enhancing the framework's transferability.
  • The results highlight the importance of runtime-aware prediction and lightweight calibration for reducing profiling costs and supporting latency-aware LLM deployment across heterogeneous edge platforms.

Why It Matters

Accurate latency prediction is crucial for deploying LLMs on edge devices, where performance can vary significantly due to hardware and runtime differences. This paper addresses a critical challenge in the field by providing a framework that can adapt to different devices and predict latency more accurately, which is essential for optimizing LLM deployment in real-world scenarios.

Technical Details

  • The framework represents each inference request as a hardware-runtime-model-prompt configuration, capturing the complex interactions between these factors.
  • Inference is divided into prefill and decode phases, allowing for more granular and accurate latency predictions.
  • A gated prediction model is used to fuse static descriptors (e.g., model architecture) with dynamic hardware telemetry (e.g., DVFS, thermal variation), enhancing the adaptability of the prediction.
  • The framework is evaluated on Pixel mobile devices and validated on a range of edge devices, including Jetson Nano, Orange Pi 5 Pro, and an RTX 3090-class GPU, demonstrating its effectiveness across different hardware platforms.
  • Cross-device calibration is shown to significantly improve prediction accuracy, making the framework more transferable and practical for real-world deployment.

Industry Insight

  • The runtime-aware latency prediction framework can significantly reduce the profiling cost and time required for deploying LLMs on edge devices, making it more feasible for businesses to optimize their LLM deployments.
  • The ability to adapt to different hardware and runtime conditions through lightweight calibration can lead to more efficient and effective LLM deployment strategies, especially in heterogeneous environments.
  • This research highlights the importance of considering runtime and hardware factors in LLM deployment, which can guide future developments in edge AI and contribute to more robust and scalable LLM solutions.

TL;DR

  • 提出了一种运行时感知的延迟预测框架,用于在异构边缘设备上快速筛选大语言模型(LLM)。
  • 将推理过程分为预填充(prefill)和解码(decode)两个阶段,通过门控预测模型融合静态描述符与动态硬件遥测数据。
  • 在Pixel 8、Jetson Nano、Orange Pi 5 Pro和RTX 3090等平台验证了框架的有效性,跨设备校准显著提升预测精度(如总延迟R²从-0.974提升至0.940)。
  • 实验表明同一模型在不同设备上性能差异巨大(如SmolLM2在Orange Pi 5 Pro上为8.42 tokens/s,在RTX 3090上达64.38 tokens/s),凸显设备与运行时依赖的重要性。
  • 轻量级校准机制可降低 profiling 成本,支持面向延迟感知的LLM部署策略。

为什么值得看

该研究针对边缘计算中LLM部署的核心挑战——延迟不确定性,提供了一种可迁移、低开销的预测方案,对资源受限场景下的模型选型与系统优化具有直接指导意义。其跨设备校准方法为构建通用边缘AI部署流水线提供了技术路径,尤其适合移动终端、嵌入式设备等异构环境。

技术解析

  • 框架将每次推理请求建模为“硬件-运行时-模型-提示”四维配置,强调多因素耦合对延迟的影响,避免单一维度预测的局限性。
  • 采用分阶段建模策略:分别预测prefill阶段(受prompt长度和模型结构主导)和decode阶段(受硬件吞吐和KV缓存影响),提升细粒度控制能力。
  • 引入门控机制动态融合静态特征(如模型参数量、层数)与动态特征(如CPU频率、温度、内存占用),实现自适应权重调整。
  • 使用R²作为评估指标,在Pixel 8上总延迟预测R²达0.960,解码延迟达0.973;跨设备校准后Pixel 8 Pro到Pixel 8的总延迟R²从负值跃升至0.940,证明迁移可行性。
  • 验证平台覆盖手机(Pixel系列)、嵌入式单板(Jetson Nano, Orange Pi)和桌面GPU(RTX 3090),体现框架的广泛适用性。

行业启示

  • 边缘LLM部署必须考虑运行时状态(如DVFS、热管理)而非仅依赖静态模型规格,建议厂商在SDK中集成实时延迟预测模块。
  • 跨设备模型筛选需建立轻量校准机制,避免重复全量 profiling,可显著降低边缘节点部署成本与时间。
  • 未来边缘AI系统应内置“延迟感知调度器”,根据预测结果动态选择模型版本或调整运行参数,以平衡性能与能耗。

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LLM 大模型 Inference 推理 Deployment 部署 Research 科学研究